National Forest Inventory of Finland — Past, Present and Future
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چکیده
Finland’s forest resources have been investigated by means of National Forest Inventories since 1921. The inventories have produced a detailed picture of forest resources and the state of forests as well as long time series. Although the structure of the growing stock and the forest balance have been the most important characteristics, the whole scope is much wider, including information on forest health and ground vegetation, observations of animals in some inventories for estimating species distributions, and samples of moss species for analysing the distribution and concentrations of sulphur and heavy metals. The information has been utilised in large area forest management planning, for example, in determining the level of cuttings and other treatments needed, as well as in official forest policy making and in the strategic planning of the forest industries. Finnish Forest Research Institute has been responsible for all National Forest Inventories. Assessing the properties of all Finnish forests is an enormous task, given, for instance, that the total number of trees, taller than 1.3 m, is 65 billion. It is simply not possible to measure each tree, nor is it necessary. Forest inventory is a good and far from trivial application for statistical sampling methods. Difficulties arise from the large number of parameters to be estimated and the dependencies between different variables, even in different scales. Nearby trees are more similar than those farther apart from each other. Large scale trend like changes of forest parameters are common. Some of the classical statistical questions are:
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تاریخ انتشار 1999